Gas-turbine.



J. TAYLOR.

GA TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 13, I918- Patented Dec. 31, 1918.

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-"llll I W ITN ESSES Madam Jo/m 75% ATTORNEY J. TAYLOR.

GAS TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 1;. 1918.

I. TAYLOR.

GAS TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 13. I918.

Patented Dec. 31,1918.

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. INVENTOR J 0 Jd/mEy/ar 86 AT ORNEYS UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN TAYLOR, OF SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH.

GAS-TURBINE.

Specification! Letters Patent.

To all whom it may concern: Be it known that I, JOHN TAYLOR, a c1t1- zenof the United States, and a resident of Salt Lake City, in the county of"Salt Lake and State of Utah, have invented a new and ImprovedGas-Turbine, of which the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription.

This invention relates to as turbines of that type in which the rotor isdriven by the explosive force of a mixture of fuel and an workingin thepockets on the rotor.

The invention has for its general ob ects to provide a novel turbine inwhich the explosive mixture in eachv pocket is aut0mati-.

cally ignited as the pocket reaches an ignition chamber of sucharrangement with re spect to the ends of the pocket that flame willpropagate from one pocket to the succeeding pocket when the latterapproaches the ignition chamber, there bein an electric igniter in thesaid chamber or starting purposes, and also means for supplying apriming fuel for starting.

Another object is the provision of a turbine having approxlimlatelyradial fiqw pockets with means for supplying the pockets with air andthen for supplying a mixture to the outer ends of the pockets so thatwhen the mixture is ignited the explosive force will act on the air todischarge the same from the inner ends of the pockets to the fuelmixture nozzle, whereby liquid fuel can be utilized for producing theexplosive mixture, and at a suitable point in the rotation of the rotorthe gases while still under pressure may pass to a second set of pocketsfor further abstraction of energy, and at a still further point in therevolution the gases are exhausted by a fan forming a part of theturbine and located at the center thereof, or by the use of compressedair supplied from an external compressor.

Another object of the invention is to pro vide means for assisting instarting the engine by the use of compressed air, and also means forgenerating saturated steam and utilizing the same for cooling the nozzleand nozzle passage between the first and second Patented Dec. 31, 1918.

Application filed April 1d 1918. Serial No. 228,472.

illustrate one embodiment of the invention and wherein similarcharacters of reference indicate corresponding arts in all the views,

Figure '1 is a vertica l section on the line 11, Fig. 5, looking in thedirection of the arrow;

Fig. 2 is a front view of the turbine;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view on the line 33, Fig. 5, looking in thedirection of the arrows;

Fig. 4 is a rear view;

Fig. 5 is a vertical section on the line -5- 5, Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is a side view; and

Fig. 7 is a detail sectional view on the line 7 7 Fig. 1, showing thewater jacket.

Referring to the drawings, A designates the rotor or wheel which isinclosed in a casing composed of a front head B, a circumfercntial wallC and a rear head D, andjournaled in bearings in the head is a shaft Eto which the wheel A is keyed. The wheel has on its front face aplurality of arcuate ockets 2 extending from the circumference 1nwardlyand on the rear wheel are similar pockets 9 of larger cross-sectionalarea to accommodate the increased volume of the motive fluid whichpasses from the first set of pockets to the second for doing furtherwork.

At the hub of the wheel at the front side is a fan F, and at the rear isa fan F", the blades of both fans being rigid or inte gral with thewheel, and surrounding the fans are circular walls P and Q, respectivelycarried by the heads B and D, there being in the heads ports 22 and 22for admitting air to the fan chambers. The walls do not entirelysurround the fans, so that in the wall P is a discharge port 1 throughwhich air from the fan is blown into the inner ends of the pockets 2,and the wall Q of the rear fan has a port 13 through which the fandischarges air into the inner ends of the pockets 9. In the wall Parearcuate chambers 3 and 6 which communicate with different groups ofpockets, the chamber 3 being connected with a pipe 18 for receiving airunder pressure from a compressor (not shown) which is connected with aunion 19, whereby the pockets are supplied with air under pressure, andthe chamber 6 is connected by a pipe 5 with a mixture nozzle-4 formed inthe cylindrical wall of the casing. The rear fan wall Q has chambers 16,10 and 20 in its exterior surface-which com municate respectively withdifferent groups of pockets 9, the chamber 16 receiving air from acompressor through a pipe 17 and the coupling 19, the chamber 10discharging air from the pocket 9 through a pipe 11 to an air nozzle 12located behind the fuel mixture nozzle 4, and the chamber 20 discharginglow pressure gas from the pockets to the nozzle 24 through the pipe 23.The cylindrical casing wall C has a plurality of ports 8 through whichthe pockets 2 exhaust. Through the first or top port 8 the fluid in thepockets 2 exhausts under the residual pressure in the gas and air, andthrough the next port 8 the pockets exhaust by reason of the air fromthe fan, and through the third port 8 the pockets exhaust by reason ofthe air under compression from the chamber 3. A set of ports 15 isarranged in the wall C for the second set of pockets 9 of the rotor. Thefirst port 15, considered in the direction of rotation of therotor, thatis to say, the port at the right, Fig. 3, and the first part of thesecond port open the pockets 9 to the atmosphere before the fan blowsout the gas from the pockets, which occurs when the pockets reach thelast part of the second port 15. When the pockets reach the third port15 they-exhaust to the atmosphere by reason of the outflow of air undercompression from the chamber 16.

The casing wall C has in addition to the nozzles 4 and 12,another-nozzle 21, to which air from the compressor is admitted througha valve 21, when it is desired to start the rotor, this nozzle 21 beingused, as are the nozzles 4 and 12, in connection with the first or highpressure set of pockets 2. The mixture nozzle 4 is supplied with oilthrough a pipe h, the quantity being controlled by a needle valve 9. Inadvance of the nozzle 4 is an ignition chamber n in which is a sparkplug Z, which is used for starting by exploding the mixture which entersthe ignition chamber from the pockets 2 as they reach the said chamber.After the first ignition the exploded gases from one pocket will passover. the end of the partition between adjacent pockets by way of thechamber 'n and ignite the gas in the succeeding pocket, and this willcontinue indefinitely as long as the fuel mixture is supplied. If, underhigh speed or other conditions, it is desired ing, this pipe J being.controlled by a valve I.

The wall C is provided with a water jacket chamber 25 at a pointadjacent the ignition chamber 7, and to which Water is supplied thefollowing pocket.

nasaoeo through a pipe 30,-Fig. 7 and in the wall of the jacket 25 is aport 31 through which.

in that explosion takes place in the pockets on the eriphery of therevolving'rotor A, while a1r is displaced similar to the method I usedin a copending application.

For the initial starting, air from a tank of compressed air (not, shownin the drawings) enters through the valve 21 to the nozzle 21', toassist in starting the rotor. When the rotor is in motion the fan F,which is an integral part of the rotor, begins throwing air out of thefan chamber port 1 into the pockets 2. As the pockets travel on theperiphery of the rotor, they pass the opening 3, where additional .airis supplied through the pipes 18 and 19 from a compressor (not shown ondrawing).

For the purpose of illustrating, I assume that compressed air will bedelivered to the nozzles 4 and 12 and other functions performed asdescribed until I have finished describing the functions of the pockets2 directly aid in performing as they revolve on the rotor A.

The first nozzle to aid in the driving of the rotor is the nozzle 12, asthis air is changed to work, and the kinetic force of' the air underabout three times the pressure of that in the pocket 2, as this airstrikes against the walls of the pockets 2. as it rushes in. Alsoadditional air is compressed into these pockets as they pass the nozzle4, which additional airis thrown in against the wall of the pockets,where the momentum of this aids in driving the rotor. The difference inthe nozzles 4 and 12, is that air in the former, besides being underhigher pressure, is also mixed with gas or oil.- This gas may be undercombustion. The firing of this oil or gas mixed air commences as soon asthe pockets 2 leave the mouth of the nozzle 4. The'initial charge isfired by spark plug L, and fire is continued by allowing a portion ofthe burning gases in the pocket fired to shoot back through chamber, Nto A spray of gas is supplied by the valve I to insure firing,

and there being such a lean mixture that there will be no danger ofbackfiring. Also the walls between adjacent pockets 2 are thick enoughto prevent the flame from shooting back from one pocket to another.

Only the air entering the pockets 2 through the nozzle 4 is mixed withgas, and

that-portion only is exploded, and as the inner end of the pockets 2reaches the opening 6 during this explosion, the unoxidized air on theinner end of pockets 2 is forced into the opening 6 by the explosion ofthe burnt gases in the other end of the pocket 2. As the pockets 2proceed, part of the burned gases leave when they reach the chamber 7the rest continuing in the pockets 2 until they reach the exhaustopenings 8, where more exhaust air which enters the inner end of thepockets 2, through the openings 1 and 3 displaces the remainder.

The air which is compressed into the opening 6 by the explosion of gasin the pocket 2 is piped to the nozzle 4, by the pipe 5, where it enterspockets 2 as previously de- A v scribed.

- and gas in the The gas which enters the chamber 7 is conduited over tothe nozzle 7', which is directly over row of the pockets 9, and gaswhich'enters helps in revolving rotor A, by striking the walls of thepockets 9.

The gas passing through the nozzle 7 dis.- places as it compresses theair in pockets 9, driving most of it out into the chamber 10, where itis conducted through the pipe 11, and the nozzle 12, andenters pockets2, as earlier described. A portion of the gases left in the pockets 9can be returned to the opening 24 through the pipe 23, as there is lowpressure on the air in the pockets 9,-

Where the gas' returns to. the pockets 9 through the nozzle 24.

The purpose of this circuit composed of parts 22, 23 and 26'is to addpressure to the air in the pockets 9 and to put into the outer end ofthe pockets a mixture of gas andair. This mixture of gas and air entersbetween the air in the pockets 9 and gas from the nozzle 7. Therefore,most of it comes out pockets 9 at the opening 20, because most ofit willnot come out until the air in front of it is forced into the open ,ing10, and by that time the pocket 9 will have passed the opening 10 andreached the opening 20, and as these mixed gases follow the a1r theycome out at the opening 20,

and around the shunt circuit composed of the conduits 20, 23, 24 and thepockets 9 getting through pockets 9 between the air pocket 9, whichconnects up the circuit.

The next step after the pocket 9. passes the opening 20 is theexhausting. This is done when the pockets reach the openings 15. As theburnt gases in the pockets 9 are under pressure, some will exhaust andthe rest will be displaced by the air entering from the fan chamber 13and the opening 16. Air enterin the opening 16 has suflicient pressureto rive all gases in the pockets 9 out through the exhaust openings 15.

From the foregoing description taken in connection with the accompanyingdrawings, the advantages of theconstruction and method of operation willbe readily under may be made when desired as fall within the 6 scope ofthe appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent:

1. A turbine comprising a stator, a rotor having curved pocketsextending inwardly from the periphery, means for supplying an explosivemixture to the pockets, an ignition chamber on the stator by which theexplosive mixture in a pocket is fired and through which the flamepropagates from one pocket to a succeeding pocket to cause automaticignition of the gas in the pockets as they reach the ignition chamber,another set of pockets on the rotor, and means for conducting explodedgases from the first mentioned pockets to the second set.

2. A turbine comprising a stator, a rotor having curved pocketsextending inwardly from the periphery, means for supplying an explosivemixture to the pockets, an ignition chamber on the stator by which theexplosive mixture in a pocket is fired and through whichthe flamepropagates from one pocket to a succeeding pocket to cause automaticignition of the gas in the pockets as they reach the ignition chamber,said chamber having a by-pass for the flame to ignite the gas in apocket before the same reaches a chamber, and a valve controlling thebypass, another set of pockets on the rotor, and means for conductingvexploded gases from the first mentioned pockets to the second set.

3. A turbine comprising a stator, a rotor having curved pocketsextending inwardly from the periphery, means for supplying an explosivemixture to the pockets, an ignition chamber on the stator by which theexplosive mixture in a pocket is fired and through which the flamepropagates from one pocket to a succeeding pocket to cause automaticignition of the gaszin the pockets asthey reach the ignition chamber,said chamber having a by-pass for the flame to ignite the gas in apocket before the same reaches a chamber, a valve controlling theby-pass, and means for admitting a priming charge of explosive mixturetothe pockets through the by-pass, another set of pockets on the rotor,and means for conducting exploded gases from the first mentioned pocketsto the second set.

4. A turbine comprising a stator, a rotor having curved pocketsextending inwardly from the periphery, means for supplying an explosivemixture to the pockets, an ignition chamber on the stator by which theexplosive mixture in a pocket is fired and through which the flamepropagates from one pocket to a succeeding pocket to cause automaticignition of the gas in the pockets as they reach the ignitionchamber,means for supplying air to the pockets before the explosivemixture is supplied, another set of pockets on the rotor, and means forconducting exploded gases from the first mentioned pockcts to the secondset.

5. A turbine comprising a stator, a rotor having curved pocketsextending inwardly from the periphery, means for supplying an explosivemixture to the pockets, an ignition chamber on the stator by which theexplosive mixture in a pocket is fired and through which the flamepropagates from one pocket to a succeeding pocket to cause automaticignition of the gas in the pockets as they reach the ignition chamber,means located inwardly of the pockets for supplying air to the latter,another set of pockets on the rotor, and means for conducting explodedgases from the first mentioned pockets to the sec- 4 0nd set.

6. A turbine comprising a stator, a rotor having curved pocketsextending inwardly from the periphery, means for supplying an explosivemixture to the pocketsfan ignition chamber on the stator by which theexplosive mixture in a pocket is fired and through which the flamepropagates from one pocket to a succeeding pocket to cause automaticignition of the gas in the pockets as they reach the ignition chamber,means located inwardly of the pockets for supplying air to the latter,ports in the stator for permitting the pockets to exhaust, another setof pockets on the rotor, and means for conducting exploded gases fromthe first mentioned pockets to the second set.

7. A turbine comprising a stator, a rotor having curved ockets extendinginwardly from the perip ery, means for supplying an explosive mixture tothe pockets, an ignition chamber on the stator by which theexplosivemixture in a pocket is fired and through which the flame propagates fromone pocket to a succeeding pocket to cause automatic ignition of the gasin the pockets 1 as they reach the ignition chamber, means locatedinwardly of the pockets for supplying air to the latter, ports in thestator for permitting the pockets to exhaust, nozzle means for directinggases against the walls of the ocket to rotate the same, another set ofpoo ets on the rotor, and means for conducting exploded gases from thefirst mentioned pockets to the second set.

8. A turbine of the class described comprising a casing having exhaustports in its periphery, a rotor having pockets extending inwardly, meanstor supplying air to 1,2ee,eeo

the pockets, means for supplying an exmg exploded gases from the firstmentioned pockets to the second set.

9. A turbine of the class described com prising a casing having exhaustports in its 'periphery, a rotor having pockets extending inwardly,means for supplying air to the pockets, means for supp ying an explosivemixture to the pockets contaimng air, mean a for igniting the explosivemixture in the pockets, a nozzle for receiving air from the inner endsof the pockets and for supplying it to the pockets at a point in advanceof the mixture supplying means, a fan located inwardly from the pocketsfor directing air through the latter when the same reach the exhaustports, means also located inwardly from the pockets for discharging airunder pressure into the same, while some of the pockets are open througha port and others are closed, another set of pockets on the rotor, andmeans for conducting exploded gases from the first mentioned pockets tothe second set.

10. A turbine of the class described com prising a casing having exhaustports in its perlphery, a rotor having pockets extending inwardly, meansfor supplying air to the pockets, means for supplying an explosivemixture to the pockets containing air, means for igmting the explosivemixture in the pockets, a nozzle for receiving air from the inner endsof the pockets and for supplying it to the pockets at a point in advanceof the mixture supplying means, a fan located inwardly from the pocketsfor directmg air through the latter when the same reach the exhaustports, a second set of pockets on the rotor, and means for conductingexploded gases from the first set of pockets to the second set.

11. A turbine of the class described com-' pockets, means ,for supp yingan explosive mixture to the pockets containing a1r, means for ignitingthe explosive mixture in the pockets, a nozzle for receiving air fromthe inner ends of the pockets and for supplying it to the pockets at apoint in advance of the mixture supplying means, a fan located inwardlyfrom the pockets for directing air through the latter when the samereach the exhaust ports, a second set 9i pockets on the rotor, means forconductin exploded gases from the first set of poo ets to the secondset, a water jacket on the stator, and means for admitting steam fromthe water jacket to the'gases passing from the first set of pockets tothe second.

12. In a turbine, the combination of a stator, a rotor having pocketsopen at the periphery and extending inwardly the pockets being arrangedin a circle and having open inner ends, a fan arranged on the rotorinwardly of the pockets, a wall on the stator partially surrounding thefan,"whereby the latter can discharge air outwardly through the-pockets,a chamber in the said wall communicating with the inner end of some ofthe pockets, means for supplying air under pressure to the chamber, anozzle on the rotor for discharging into the outer end of the pockets, achamber in the said wall for receiving air driven out of the inner endsof the pockets by explosion, means for conpockets, means for firing themixture in the pockets, another set of pockets on the rotor, and meansfor conducting exploded gases from the first mentioned pockets to thesecond set.

' 'JOHNTAYLOR.

